Wednesday, April 29, 2015
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
Thursday, January 22, 2015
Myvi Baru 2015
Ozzy Orange (Metallic)
Mystical Purple (Metallic)
Friday, August 29, 2014
Wednesday, August 13, 2014
MAA Takaful SmartMedic 200 - Pelan Terbaik Kad Perubatan di Malaysia
Adakah Rugi Jika anda ada MAA Takaful SmartMedic 200 Medical Card?
Jika masih sihat anda boleh daftar dengan mudah...
dengan hanya RM66 sebulan @ RM2.20 sen Sehari anda dapat perlindungan bil untuk RM100,000 Setahun
dengan hanya RM51 sebulan @ RM1.70 sen Sehari anda dapat perlindungan bil untuk RM50,000 Setahun
Limit Sepanjang Hidup ? = TIADA LIMIT
Hospital Panel ? = Currently ada 106 Hospital Panel, terbanyak di Malaysia
Hospital Panel ? = Currently ada 106 Hospital Panel, terbanyak di Malaysia
Tiada putar belit, Sekali Masuk/Bil Hospital sehingga maksima had tahunan anda.
Jangan berlengah lagi,
hubungi saya untuk maklumat lanjut
hubungi saya untuk maklumat lanjut
Haire Kahfi - 019.3895882
Jika sudah sakit, baru nak daftar, akibatnya
"Permohonan Medical Card Ditolak"
"Surcaj Tambahan"
"Permohonan Medical Card Ditolak"
"Surcaj Tambahan"
Siapa yang rugi dan pening kepala?
Tuesday, August 12, 2014
Xiao Mi Powerbank 10400 mAH - FREE with any MAA Takaful certificate
Xiao Mi Powerbank 10400 mAH for all smartphones and tablets
The extremely popular XiaoMi Powerbank is encased in sleek aluminium casing with dual battery cell technology. Its Premium Li-ion battery cells adds an extra 10400mAH battery life to smartphones and tablets.
The extremely popular XiaoMi Powerbank is encased in sleek aluminium casing with dual battery cell technology. Its Premium Li-ion battery cells adds an extra 10400mAH battery life to smartphones and tablets.
Performance
The Mi Power Bank comes with a 10,400mAh lithium-ion battery (3.6V for 37.44Wh), sourced either from LG or Samsung (as stated by Xiaomi). If you’ve read ourpower bank buying tips article, you’ll know that due to power lost during voltage conversion, along with other factors like circuit resistance, the number of recharges you can get from a power bank isn’t simply a division of its capacity and your device’s battery capacity. According to Xiaomi, the Mi Power Bank is able to recharge the Mi 3 smartphone 2.5 times, the iPhone 5S smartphone 4.5 times, and the iPad Mini tablet 1.5 times. These numbers seem to be quite accurate, as we managed to top up the charge of an iPhone 5S (that has a 1,560mAh battery) four times, and still had a bit of charge left on the power bank.
In addition, we’re also very satisfied with the Mi Power Bank’s input and output currents. To be specific, it’s able to output up to 2.1A, which is great for tablets and even smartphones that are capable of accepting more than the standard 1A. Even the input charging port accepts up to 2A, which is something we didn’t expect from such a cheap power bank, simply because we’ve come across many high-capacity (read: more expensive) power banks that can’t do more than 1.5A. In other words, topping up the Mi Power Bank’s 10,400mAh battery is a pretty fast affair too. According to Xiaomi, it’ll take about 5.5 hours if you use a 2A adapter, or about 10 hours with an 1A adapter.
*Valid until Syawal 1435 Only.
*Valid until Syawal 1435 Only.
Thursday, July 10, 2014
Monday, June 30, 2014
Ibu Rayu Sumbangan - Menabung awal untuk kesejahteraan Keluarga

Bagaimana nak menghindarkan perkara ini terjadi kepada kita?
Ambil Perlindungan Takaful + Smart Medical 200 Kad perubatan Takaful seawal yang mungkin bagi anak anak.
Jangan kedekut dengan anak anak, kerana Allah S.W.T telah menyediakan rezeki anak anak. Cuma RM5 sehari menyimpan untuk mereka untuk kemudahan jika berlaku musibah dan untuk pendidikan mereka.
Sayangkan anak anak, disediakan MAA Takaful Pendidikan & Kad perubatan Smart Medical 200. Period
Monday, June 2, 2014
Monday, May 26, 2014
MAA TAKAFUL untuk NUR ALISHA RANIA
Sayang kan anak disediakan Takaful Simpanan Pendidikan + Perlindungan Medical Card.
Alisha Rania sudah mempunyai simpanan sendiri untuk ke Universiti dan juga ada Smart Medic 200 Medical card dengan maksima rm100,000 bil pembedahan, tanpa had maksima, jika berlaku musibah.
Sekurang kurangnya saya dapat memastikan anak saya insyallah akan ada simpanan sendiri pada umur 18 tahun, bagi memudahkan kalau nak belajar ke universiti (insyallah) dan juga ada kad yang membantu jika berlaku kemalangan yang tidak diingini.
Pelan ini percuma jika terjadi perkara berikut kepada saya :
1.KEMATIAN AWAL
2.HILANG UPAYA KEKAL
3.DISAHKAN MENGHIDAP 36 PENYAKIT KRITIKAL
Tindakan saya? Saya cuma perlu menyimpan RM150 sebulan untuk saya berikan kemudahan ini kepada anak saya. Mahal? jika menyimpan RM5 sehari itu mahal, cuba anda rasai keperitan membayar bil berpuluh puluh ribu, atau kepayahan untuk meminta derma melalui akhbar demi untuk anak anak.
Langkah pertama itu penting dan langkah pertama itu bermula dari diri sendiri...
bukalah minda anda, sebab sesuatu yang pasti dalam hidup adalah MATI, maka biarlah kita mati dengan meninggalkan kesenangan kepada anak anak dan isteri, bukan mati dengan membiarkan mereka hidup dengan keperitan.
marilah menabung untuk mendapatkan anak anak yang soleh. doa anak yang soleh akan pasti membantu kita dialam lain.
Biarlah kita bangga dengan berkata kepada anak anak "Ayah Sudah ada sediakan Simpanan kamu dalam Takaful dan medical kad pun ada"
Pilihan ditangan anda...
MAA Takaful... Support Local and Islamic Product.
Langkah pertama itu penting dan langkah pertama itu bermula dari diri sendiri...
bukalah minda anda, sebab sesuatu yang pasti dalam hidup adalah MATI, maka biarlah kita mati dengan meninggalkan kesenangan kepada anak anak dan isteri, bukan mati dengan membiarkan mereka hidup dengan keperitan.
marilah menabung untuk mendapatkan anak anak yang soleh. doa anak yang soleh akan pasti membantu kita dialam lain.
Biarlah kita bangga dengan berkata kepada anak anak "Ayah Sudah ada sediakan Simpanan kamu dalam Takaful dan medical kad pun ada"
Pilihan ditangan anda...
MAA Takaful... Support Local and Islamic Product.
Monday, May 12, 2014
Wednesday, April 9, 2014
Tuesday, March 25, 2014
Coldfusion_8_Training
ColdFusion Training Overview
This ColdFusion 8 course teaches attendees how to build their first data-driven web applications using ColdFusion.
ColdFusion Training Prerequisites :
To gain the most from the class, you should already have:
- A familiarity with Web terminology
- An understanding of Web server characteristics
- Experience with the HTML tag set and syntax
- Familiarity with the SQL command set, including SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
- Basic Adobe Dreamweaver Knowledge
Material will be upload on the 31 Mac 2014. Please come back later
Please download the material from this link :
1. Training tutorial files
Ebook related to Coldfusion 8 and Coldfusion MX
1. EBOOK_CF8__DEVELOPER_TUTORIAL
2. EBOOK_CFMX_COLDFUSION
3. EBOOK_CFMX_DEVELOPERS_COOKBOOK
4. EBOOK_CFMX_MASTERING_COLDFUSION
5. CF8INTRO TUTORIAL FILES
Wednesday, February 5, 2014
MAA TAKAFUL
MAA Takaful is a result of
a strategic joint venture between MAA Group Berhad (“MAAG”) – [Formerly known
as MAA Holdings Berhad] and Solidarity Company BSC (C) of Bahrain, one of the
leading companies in the Arab world.
On 21 February 2006, a
Joint Venture (JV) Agreement was signed with Solidarity, to form a JV company
called MAA Takaful to carry on the Takaful business.
On 3 March 2006, Bank
Negara Malaysia granted approval for a new Takaful licence for the joint
venture of MAAG and Solidarity. On 2 May 2006, MAA Takaful was incorporated
with a paid up capital of RM100 million and licensed on 1 July 2007 as a
composite Takaful Operator. Today, MAA Takaful has an agency force of over
10,000.
MAAG holds 75% equity
interest in MAA Takaful while Solidarity holds 25%.
MAA Takafulink is the FIRST Regular
Premium Investment Linked product to declare surplus sharing in 2009. And, yet
again we will declare a surplus sharing in 2010, 2011 and 2012.
Based on Lipper & CIMB Principal report.
All our 3 Takafulink Investment Linked funds (Growth, Balance & Income
Fund) were ranked No. 1 in 2010.
We are the FIRST Takaful Company that has
an Investment Linked "Flexi Fund".
We are the FIRST Takaful Company that offers
coverage for 46 Critical Illness.
While other takaful operators, generate losses in the
first 5 to 8 years of their operations. MAA Takaful is
the FIRST and only company, which has generated profits, from its
SECOND year of operations in 2009.
MAA Takaful is the FIRST company to not
only make a profit in the third year of operation in 2010. But, it is
the FIRST and only company to make profit with no carry forward
losses.
MAA Takaful is the FIRST Takaful company
in the World to have a comprehensive agency training program that is World
Standard - jointly develop with LIMRA USA andCERT.
Sunday, January 5, 2014
CSC570 EXAM ANSWER
This is the ANSWER for CSC570 that had been written by my senior.
a lot of thanks to them.
Semoga segala kebaikan yang diperolehi dari rujukan ini akan beroleh pahala dan keberkatan dariNya.
CSC570 2010 JAN
CSC570 2010 APRIL
a lot of thanks to them.
Semoga segala kebaikan yang diperolehi dari rujukan ini akan beroleh pahala dan keberkatan dariNya.
CSC570 2010 JAN
CSC570 2010 APRIL
Friday, December 13, 2013
Jawapan Jurutera Kepada Para Pengkritik Kereta Nasional
APABILA Proton mengumumkan model terbaru Perdana, ramai yang respon dengan negatif terhadap rupa bentuk model tersebut yang mirip Honda Accord. Seperti biasa, cemuhan demi cemuhan dilemparkan kepada Proton di atas pengeluaran model ini.
Saya suka untuk memberi pandangan berdasarkan beberapa fakta berikut:
1- Saya kurang senang mendengar kritikan serta cemuhan terhadap Proton ini, tatkala pada masa yang sama apabila Kia mengeluarkan model seakan Audi, ramai yang memuji, juga tatkala Honda mengeluarkan model Accord 2011 yang seakan Audi, ramai juga yang memuji dan membelinya. Bahkan Mazda 6 tahun 2013 juga mirip Lexus, tiada pula yang mencemuh. Mentaliti sebegini wujud sifat dualisma, di mana berlakunya tindakan pilih kasih dalam kritikan.
2- Proton Suprima S adalah satu contoh model yang direka sendiri. Tidak meniru hasil orang lain. Namun bagaimanakah prestasi jualannya? Tidak memberangsangkan. Pengkritik tetap membandingkan Proton dengan Honda, Kia Rio dan seumpamanya. Tapi apabila model yang dikeluarkan mirip Honda, mereka mengutuk pula. Perkara ini saya membuatkan saya tidak faham.
3- Ramai pengkritik tidak memahami hakikat industri automotif yang ‘super-kompetetif’. Kilang Mitsubishi di Australia pada tahun 2006 pernah ditutup selama empat minggu kerana tiada permintaan. Majikan lama saya, Ford Australia di Geelong baru-baru ini telah mengisytiharkan mereka akan menutup kilang mereka mulai tahun 2016 kerana mengalami kerugian yang cukup besar, di mana mereka telah mengumpul kerugian sebanyak AUD$600 juta sejak 5 tahun kebelakangan ini. Ford telah bertapak di Australia selama 90 tahun, jadi bagaimanakah pula agaknya Proton yang hanya 1/3 usia berbanding Ford Australia berdepan dengan cabaran ini?
4- “Rebadging” atau penjenamaan semula bukanlah sesuatu yang aib dalam industri automotif. Pengeluar kereta terbesar dunia, General Motors (GM), telah melakukan strategi ini terhadap puluhan model kenderaan mereka. Cuba bandingkan Chevrolet Tahoe dengan Cadillac Escalade, dan Chevrolet Lumina dengan Holden Redline, kita akan nampak jelas bahawa perbezaannya hanya pada lambang jenama dan hiasan dalaman. Benar, jenama-jenama ini di bawah satu syarikat yang sama iaitu GM, namun dari sudut strategi, tidak ada bezanya antara kedua ini. Bahkan kritikan yang sama tidak pula diberikan kepada Perodua di atas strategi mereka “rebadging” model Myvi dan Daihatsu/Toyota, hanya kerana mereka ada kerjasama rasmi dengan Toyota. Model Perdana yang baru ada kerjasama dengan Honda bahkan Saga yang pertama dahulu pun ada kerjasama dengan Mitsubishi. Kritikan yang “pilih kasih” menyebabkan Proton menjadi ibarat “punching bag”. Buat apa pun dikira salah.
5- Mungkin yang terbaik ialah tutup sahaja Proton, agar tidak ada lagi “punching bag” tempat melepas geram dan kemarahan. Mungkin yang terbaik ialah rakyat Malaysia hidup seperti negara Timur Tengah yang hanya menjadi pelanggan kepada jenama-jenama kereta terbaik dunia. Tak payah susah-susah buat kereta sendiri. Namun saya rasa seandainya Proton ditutup, akan wujud laungan kemarahan yang baru iaitu “Mengapa Malaysia tidak ada kereta sendiri?”
Akhir kata, saya mengharapkan satu perubahan dalam mentaliti sesetengah rakyat Malaysia. Buat pengetahuan semua, saya sendiri tidak pernah membeli Proton, tetapi saya mengambil sikap berpada-pada dalam kritikan dengan mengetahui besarnya cabaran syarikat kecil Proton dalam persaingan industri automotif dunia. Dengan cabaran masa kini, Proton tak “bungkus” pun dah kira mujur.
Ya betul, jika anda tidak menyukai Proton atau merasakan Proton tidak sesuai dengan gaya hidup anda, tak perlulah membelinya. Tindakan anda tidak membeli Proton telah pun memberi mesej jelas “Saya tak suka Proton”.
Namun, yang saya kecewa ialah sikap sesetengah insan yang sudahlah tidak membeli Proton, malah melemparkan cemuhan dan kebencian yang amat kepada Proton, sehinggakan orang yang asalnya ingin membeli Proton pun tak jadi membelinya. Ini ibarat mencurah cuka ke dalam luka.
Engr. Hj Norzafry B Norhalim Mantan Presiden Pembina.
Sumber: Tengoktvonline.
I Support National Car!
XML Schemas
XML
Schemas are much more powerful than DTDs.
XML Schemas Support Data
Types
One
of the greatest strength of XML Schemas is the support for data types.
With
support for data types:
- It
is easier to describe allowable document content
- It
is easier to validate the correctness of data
- It
is easier to work with data from a database
- It
is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data)
- It
is easier to define data patterns (data formats)
- It
is easier to convert data between different data types
XML Schemas use XML
Syntax
Another
great strength about XML Schemas is that they are written in XML.
Some
benefits of that XML Schemas are written in XML:
- You
don't have to learn a new language
- You
can use your XML editor to edit your Schema files
- You
can use your XML parser to parse your Schema files
- You
can manipulate your Schema with the XML DOM
- You
can transform your Schema with XSLT
XML Schemas Secure Data
Communication
When
sending data from a sender to a receiver, it is essential that both parts have
the same "expectations" about the content.
With
XML Schemas, the sender can describe the data in a way that the receiver will
understand.
A
date like: "03-11-2004" will, in some countries, be interpreted as
3.November and in other countries as 11.March.
However,
an XML element with a data type like this:
<date
type="date">2004-03-11</date>
ensures
a mutual understanding of the content, because the XML data type
"date" requires the format "YYYY-MM-DD".
XML Schemas are
Extensible
XML
Schemas are extensible, because they are written in XML.
With
an extensible Schema definition you can:
- Reuse
your Schema in other Schemas
- Create
your own data types derived from the standard types
- Reference
multiple schemas in the same document
Well-Formed is not
Enough
A
well-formed XML document is a document that conforms to the XML syntax rules,
like:
- it
must begin with the XML declaration
- it
must have one unique root element
- start-tags
must have matching end-tags
- elements
are case sensitive
- all
elements must be closed
- all
elements must be properly nested
- all
attribute values must be quoted
- entities
must be used for special characters
Even
if documents are well-formed they can still contain errors, and those errors
can have serious consequences.
Think
of the following situation: you order 5 gross of laser printers, instead of 5
laser printers. With XML Schemas, most of these errors can be caught by your
validating software.
XML Schemas
XML
Schemas are much more powerful than DTDs.
XML Schemas Support Data
Types
One
of the greatest strength of XML Schemas is the support for data types.
With
support for data types:
- It
is easier to describe allowable document content
- It
is easier to validate the correctness of data
- It
is easier to work with data from a database
- It
is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data)
- It
is easier to define data patterns (data formats)
- It
is easier to convert data between different data types
XML Schemas use XML
Syntax
Another
great strength about XML Schemas is that they are written in XML.
Some
benefits of that XML Schemas are written in XML:
- You
don't have to learn a new language
- You
can use your XML editor to edit your Schema files
- You
can use your XML parser to parse your Schema files
- You
can manipulate your Schema with the XML DOM
- You
can transform your Schema with XSLT
XML Schemas Secure Data
Communication
When
sending data from a sender to a receiver, it is essential that both parts have
the same "expectations" about the content.
With
XML Schemas, the sender can describe the data in a way that the receiver will
understand.
A
date like: "03-11-2004" will, in some countries, be interpreted as
3.November and in other countries as 11.March.
However,
an XML element with a data type like this:
<date
type="date">2004-03-11</date>
ensures
a mutual understanding of the content, because the XML data type
"date" requires the format "YYYY-MM-DD".
XML Schemas are
Extensible
XML
Schemas are extensible, because they are written in XML.
With
an extensible Schema definition you can:
- Reuse
your Schema in other Schemas
- Create
your own data types derived from the standard types
- Reference
multiple schemas in the same document
Well-Formed is not
Enough
A
well-formed XML document is a document that conforms to the XML syntax rules,
like:
- it
must begin with the XML declaration
- it
must have one unique root element
- start-tags
must have matching end-tags
- elements
are case sensitive
- all
elements must be closed
- all
elements must be properly nested
- all
attribute values must be quoted
- entities
must be used for special characters
Even
if documents are well-formed they can still contain errors, and those errors
can have serious consequences.
Think
of the following situation: you order 5 gross of laser printers, instead of 5
laser printers. With XML Schemas, most of these errors can be caught by your
validating software.
XML
documents can have a reference to a DTD or to an XML Schema.
A Simple XML Document
Look
at this simple XML document called "note.xml":
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
A DTD File
The
following example is a DTD file called "note.dtd" that defines the
elements of the XML document above ("note.xml"):
<!ELEMENT note
(to, from, heading, body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
The
first line defines the note element to have four child elements: "to,
from, heading, body".
Line
2-5 defines the to, from, heading, body elements to be of type
"#PCDATA".
An XML Schema
The
following example is an XML Schema file called "note.xsd" that
defines the elements of the XML document above ("note.xml"):
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
The
note element is a complex type because it contains other elements.
The other elements (to, from, heading, body) are simple types because they do not contain other
elements. You will learn more about simple and complex types in the following
chapters.
A Reference to a DTD
This
XML document has a reference to a DTD:
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM
"http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM
"http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
A Reference to an XML
Schema
This
XML document has a reference to an XML Schema:
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<note
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com note.xsd">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<note
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com note.xsd">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
XML Schemas
XML
Schemas are much more powerful than DTDs.
XML Schemas Support Data
Types
One
of the greatest strength of XML Schemas is the support for data types.
With
support for data types:
- It
is easier to describe allowable document content
- It
is easier to validate the correctness of data
- It
is easier to work with data from a database
- It
is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data)
- It
is easier to define data patterns (data formats)
- It
is easier to convert data between different data types
XML Schemas use XML
Syntax
Another
great strength about XML Schemas is that they are written in XML.
Some
benefits of that XML Schemas are written in XML:
- You
don't have to learn a new language
- You
can use your XML editor to edit your Schema files
- You
can use your XML parser to parse your Schema files
- You
can manipulate your Schema with the XML DOM
- You
can transform your Schema with XSLT
XML Schemas Secure Data
Communication
When
sending data from a sender to a receiver, it is essential that both parts have
the same "expectations" about the content.
With
XML Schemas, the sender can describe the data in a way that the receiver will
understand.
A
date like: "03-11-2004" will, in some countries, be interpreted as
3.November and in other countries as 11.March.
However,
an XML element with a data type like this:
<date
type="date">2004-03-11</date>
ensures
a mutual understanding of the content, because the XML data type
"date" requires the format "YYYY-MM-DD".
XML Schemas are
Extensible
XML
Schemas are extensible, because they are written in XML.
With
an extensible Schema definition you can:
- Reuse
your Schema in other Schemas
- Create
your own data types derived from the standard types
- Reference
multiple schemas in the same document
Well-Formed is not
Enough
A
well-formed XML document is a document that conforms to the XML syntax rules,
like:
- it
must begin with the XML declaration
- it
must have one unique root element
- start-tags
must have matching end-tags
- elements
are case sensitive
- all
elements must be closed
- all
elements must be properly nested
- all
attribute values must be quoted
- entities
must be used for special characters
Even
if documents are well-formed they can still contain errors, and those errors
can have serious consequences.
Think
of the following situation: you order 5 gross of laser printers, instead of 5
laser printers. With XML Schemas, most of these errors can be caught by your
validating software.
XML
documents can have a reference to a DTD or to an XML Schema.
A Simple XML Document
Look
at this simple XML document called "note.xml":
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
A DTD File
The
following example is a DTD file called "note.dtd" that defines the
elements of the XML document above ("note.xml"):
<!ELEMENT note
(to, from, heading, body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
The
first line defines the note element to have four child elements: "to,
from, heading, body".
Line
2-5 defines the to, from, heading, body elements to be of type
"#PCDATA".
An XML Schema
The
following example is an XML Schema file called "note.xsd" that
defines the elements of the XML document above ("note.xml"):
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
The
note element is a complex type because it contains other elements.
The other elements (to, from, heading, body) are simple types because they do not contain other
elements. You will learn more about simple and complex types in the following
chapters.
A Reference to a DTD
This
XML document has a reference to a DTD:
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM
"http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM
"http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
A Reference to an XML
Schema
This
XML document has a reference to an XML Schema:
<?xml
version="1.0"?>
<note
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com note.xsd">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<note
xmlns="http://www.w3schools.com"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com note.xsd">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
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